ADR UK Explained – A Practical Look at EQ Rules & Benefits
When it comes to transporting dangerous goods under ADR regulations, the rules can quickly become complex and costly, but if you’re only moving exceedingly small quantities, there’s a lesser-known—but incredibly useful—alternative which is Excepted Quantities (EQs).
Often misunderstood or overlooked, EQs offer a simplified, lower-burden option for certain shipments—without compromising safety. So, what exactly are they, and how can they help your business?
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What Are Excepted Quantities?
EQs are a special provision under ADR that allows the transport of tiny volumes of hazardous substances with relaxed requirements. If used correctly, EQ shipments:
- Need no vehicle placards or markings.
- Allow for simplified packaging and easier logistics.
But do not confuse them with Limited Quantities (LQ). EQs apply to even smaller amounts, and each substance is then assigned an “E” code (E0–E5) that defines its eligibility:
- E0 = Not allowed under EQ
- E1–E5 = Specify limits for inner and outer packaging
Common Myths About EQ—Busted
As a DGSA for fifteen years I have come across many ‘common myths’ that people have sworn are true however, the regulations show that these are simply wrong. Here are just a few:
“EQ means no rules apply.”
Not true! EQ shipments still require specific packaging, red EQ labels, and quantity control.
“All substances qualify for EQ.”
Nope. Substances marked E0 are excluded entirely.
“EQs can be freely added to ADR loads.”
Technically yes, but once you mix products, samples and / or other substances then full ADR rules may easily apply to the overall load.
There are some common pitfalls that you should avoid which can include:
• Using the Wrong Labels
EQ has a distinct label that is square (minimum 100mm x 100mm) and has a red border. Standard hazard diamonds are not compliant.
- Overpacking EQs have strict volume limits, examples include, 30g per inner container or 500g per outer package for code E2. Exceeding them could mean that full ADR compliance could kick in.
- Untrained Staff
While full ADR training is not a requirement, staff must still be briefed on EQ rules and safe handling.
- Assumed Exemptions
EQ doesn’t override general safety responsibilities like spill control or chemical compatibility.
- Packaging Requirements
The specific packaging requirements for transporting dangerous goods in Excepted Quantities (EQ) exist to ensure safety while allowing a simplified regulatory approach for lesser amounts of hazardous materials. Even though the quantities involved are minimal, they can still pose risks during transport, handling, or in the event of an accident. The packaging rules are designed to ensure that these substances are securely contained, reducing the chance of leaks, spills, or chemical reactions with other materials.
The multilayered packaging system, typically involving inner, intermediate, and outer packaging, and the testing that is also required, is intended to protect against typical hazards such as drops, pressure or impact. This is especially important if a package is dropped or damaged during transit. The layered approach minimises the likelihood of a release and helps prevent more serious incidents, such as fires or exposure to toxic vapours. There are also maximum net quantities per outer packaging from 1000 for code E1 down to 300 for code E5 (in grams for solids and ml for liquids in the case of mixed packing).
The specific packaging requirements, for transporting dangerous goods in Excepted Quantities (EQ), are designed to ensure that these substances are securely contained, reducing the chance of leaks, spills, or chemical reactions with other materials.
Excepted Quantities benefit from exemptions to many of the standard dangerous goods transport rules, such as the need for full UN-approved packaging, hazard labels, or transport documentation.
However, to balance this regulatory flexibility, the packaging itself must meet these strict standards. These standards ensure that the substances remain secure under normal transport conditions and any minor accidents and therefore maintains a safe environment for handlers and the public.
The use of specific packaging requirements helps maintain consistency and predictability in the handling and transport of excepted quantities. It enables transport companies, shippers, and enforcement authorities to easily recognise compliant packaging and ensure that safety standards are upheld. It also facilitates the smooth movement of such goods across international borders, as regulations like ADR, IATA, and IMDG all align closely on EQ packaging standards.
Excepted Quantities (EQs) are often misunderstood due to a variety of factors. One key reason is the lack of awareness. Many individuals simply are not familiar with the specific rules governing EQs, especially since they only apply to exceedingly smaller amounts of dangerous goods. This lack of understanding can cause confusion when trying to determine whether EQ is applicable to a particular shipment.
Additionally, the overlap with other regulations such as Limited Quantities (LQ) can lead to mistakes. While both share similarities, they do have very key differences in thresholds, packaging, and labelling requirements. This overlap often causes confusion about what is permissible under EQs.
The relaxed nature of EQ regulations can also lead to assumptions that “no rules apply.” Although EQ shipments don’t require full transport documents (though please note that a declaration on modal documentation is still required) or vehicle placards, they still have stringent packaging, labelling, and quantity control rules. This can be misleading to those unfamiliar with the requirements.
Furthermore, inconsistent training can contribute to misunderstandings. Many staff members receive little to no training on EQ-specific regulations which increases the likelihood of errors in handling and labelling. As businesses may focus more on larger shipments, EQs are sometimes neglected in training and operational procedures.
There are common misconceptions about exemptions that also contribute to the confusion. Some people mistakenly believe that EQ shipments are exempt from general safety requirements like spill control or chemical compatibility. However, these safety rules still apply, adding another layer of complexity for those working with EQs.
These factors combined can make Excepted Quantities a misunderstood area of dangerous goods transport but with proper education and awareness, they can be a safe and efficient solution.
So Why Use Excepted Quantities?
Excepted Quantities are perfect for small or infrequent shipments, making them ideal for sending items like samples or test kits. They also eliminate the need for vehicle markings which is especially useful for engineers or service vans transporting only trace amounts of dangerous goods. Additionally, using EQ can lead to considerable time and cost savings by reducing paperwork, minimising personal protective equipment requirements, and lowering the level of training needed for staff and drivers.
Pro Tips for Smart EQ Use
To ensure compliance and readiness for inspections, it’s important to keep internal records even when not strictly required. Always source packaging from suppliers who understand and adhere to Excepted Quantity (EQ) limits, as incorrect packaging can lead to non-compliance. Finally, be careful not to confuse EQ with Limited Quantities (LQ), as they are governed by different thresholds and regulatory rules.
Once the correct training has been undertaken and accurate packaging and labelling requirements have been determined it can be quite a simple and cost-effective procedure to follow.
Ask a DGSA to help with this procedure and you may soon be on your way to saving money and even making money as more samples can be easily sent to more clients and thus helping to lead you to more sales!
Keep it Simple and Safe by Unlocking the Benefits of Excepted Quantities for small Dangerous Goods Shipments.
Dawn Kenyon, Managing Director, DGSA,
RADCaT Ltd.
